Résumé
The principle protein molecules (interferon gene stimulator, adapter proteins, B-cell lymphoma 2 proteins, zinc-finger antiviral protein, and others), mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, perforation of plasma membranes with kinase-like proteins of a mixed line, and ribonucleic acid neutralization, which ensure the development of innate immunity, are described. The main defense mechanisms that viruses have developed at the various stages of evolution are considered. The features of the development of the mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in a new coronavirus infection, which are associated with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to severe damage to host cells, are given. It has been found that serum levels of several proteins formed during autophagy caused by SARS-CoV-2 can be used to predict disease severity. These include a protein associated with microtubules 1A/1B, a protein of sequestoma 1, and a protein of the cellular system of autophagy ― beclin-1. The multifaceted role of interferons in the inhibition of viral infection and the features of the violation of the activating functions of interferons in coronavirus infection are described. The article can be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license © Authors, 2022.